Abstract

As is to be expected of any numerical method, use of the Green’s function parabolic equation (GFPE) does result in small errors that can propagate and increase. The main causes of errors in using the GFPE for outdoor sound propagation with constant sound speeds appear to be inadequate spatial sampling, approximated starting fields, and errors in the numerical integration used to compute the surface wave. The relative significance of these errors as well as a set of appropriate computational parameters for avoiding or minimizing them will be discussed. With the proper parameter selection (for step sizes, attenuation layer depth, etc.), the GFPE produces reliably accurate results for outdoor sound propagation even over finite impedance grounds and beyond barriers or changes in ground height.

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