Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we present our ethnographic material and interpretations concerning the meanings that men and women imprisoned in the Federal District, Brazil attributed to their everyday experiences, with a special focus on the situations, statements and perceptions of these social actors related to that which we classify as structural processes of discursive exclusion. Drawing from our field data, we argue that these processes are a central dimension of pulling time, which not only configure a form of disrespect, but also the condition needed to sustain a structural scenario of violence and violation of rights in these prisons. In addition, the processes of discursive exclusion are essential to understand how the experiences of disrespect were interpreted and addressed by the interlocutors. The data presented are the result of ethnographic research carried out between 2014 and 2018 with men and women imprisoned the Federal District, Brazil.
Highlights
Neste artigo, apresentamos o material etnográfico e nossas interpretações acerca dos significados que as pessoas em situação de privação de liberdade no Distrito Federal davam a suas experiências cotidianas, com especial foco nas situações, relatos e percepções desses atores sociais relacionados àquilo que classificamos como processos estruturais de exclusão discursiva no âmbito desse contexto
In the context of the prison system, studies have shown that this situation of rights violations is grave and marked by systematic standards of torture and poor treatment, a reality observed in different states of the country, such as Rio Grande do Norte (Melo & Rodrigues 2017), the Distrito Federal (Lemos 2017b, 2019a, 2019b; Melo 2016), Rio de Janeiro (Andrade & Geraldo 2020), Rio Grande do Sul (Bogo 2006), Maranhão (Silva 2019); São Paulo (Biondi 2009; Higa & Alvarez 2019), and in reports of national entities about torture in the prison system (Brasil 2009; Brasil 2020; CNBB 2018)
Inspired by the contributions of researchers who work within the spectrum of the anthropology of law and who defend the need to give special attention to notions of justice and rights developed by concrete social actors and that are circumscribed in specific contexts – in Brazil, Cardoso de Oliveira (2011a), Kant de Lima (2003), Schritzmeyer (2019) and Fonseca (2011), and, internationally, Geertz (1998), Nader (1997) and Lazar (2008) – in this article we present ethnographic material and our interpretations about the meanings that people in a situation of deprivation of liberty in the Federal District give to their daily experiences, with a special focus on the situations, statements and perceptions of these social actors related to that which we classify as structural processes of discursive exclusion
Summary
Apresentamos o material etnográfico e nossas interpretações acerca dos significados que as pessoas em situação de privação de liberdade no Distrito Federal davam a suas experiências cotidianas, com especial foco nas situações, relatos e percepções desses atores sociais relacionados àquilo que classificamos como processos estruturais de exclusão discursiva no âmbito desse contexto. A partir de nossos dados de campo, sustentamos que estes processos são uma dimensão central do puxar pena, não apenas configurando uma forma em si de desconsideração, como também a própria condição necessária para a manutenção de um quadro estrutural de violência e violações a direitos no cárcere. Os processos de exclusão discursiva são fundamentais para a compreensão do modo como a experiência de desconsideração era interpretada e elaborada pelos/as interlocutores/as.
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