Discursive Construction of Language Identity through Disputes in Croatian and Montenegrin Media

Abstract

This article addresses various constructions of language identity in disputes in the Croatian media in 2006, and in the Croatian and Montenegrin media in 2010 and 2011. In Croatia, the language disputes during these periods were triggered by the publication of two linguistics books perceived to be threats to Croatian identity. In Montenegro, there were intensified efforts in 2010 and 2011 to standardize Montenegrin, which aroused animosity between promoters of Montenegrin and promoters of Serbian. During this time both Croatia and Montenegro were pursuing EU accession, which also implies implementing European values. These values include tolerance in various areas, including public discourse. Thus, one would expect tolerant and nuanced public debates about identity issues, including language. However, this article shows that the main narratives that underpin language disputes are realized through a metaphorical scenario of defensive war. The analysis also identifies discourse strategies of (de-)legitimization enacted through discrimination towards the Other on the basis of gender, ethnicity, and professional credibility. Despite some contextual differences, the structure of language disputes in the Croatian and Montenegrin media exhibit striking similarities.