Discriminative Extreme Learning Machine with Cross‐Domain Mean Approximation for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Abstract

Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is widely used in various fields because of its fast training and high accuracy. However, it does not primarily work well for Domain Adaptation (DA) in which there are many annotated data from auxiliary domain and few even no annotated data in target domain. In this paper, we propose a new variant of ELM called Discriminative Extreme Learning Machine with Cross‐Domain Mean Approximation (DELM‐CDMA) for unsupervised domain adaptation. It introduces Cross‐Domain Mean Approximation (CDMA) into the hidden layer of ELM to reduce distribution discrepancy between domains for domain bias elimination, which is conducive to train a high accuracy ELM on annotated data from auxiliary domains for target tasks. Linear Discriminative Analysis (LDA) is also adopted to improve the discrimination of learned model and obtain higher accuracy. Moreover, we further provide a Discriminative Kernel Extreme Learning Machine with Cross‐Domain Mean Approximation (DKELM‐CDMA) as the kernelization extension of DELM‐CDMA. Some experiments are performed to investigate the proposed approach, and the result shows that DELM‐CDMA and DKELM‐CDMA could effectively extend ELM suitable for domain adaptation and outperform ELM and many other domain adaptation approaches.