Abstract
Sweet cherry is highly appreciated by its characteristic flavor, which conditions the consumer’s preference. In this study, four sweet cherry cultivars (Durona, Lapins, Summit, and Van cultivars) were characterized according to biometric (fruit and stone weights, length, maximum and minimum diameters, pulp/stone mass ratio), physicochemical (CIELAB color, penetration force, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids), and potentiometric profiles (recorded by a lab-made electronic tongue with lipid polymeric membranes). Biometric and physicochemical data were significantly cultivar-dependent (p-value < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA). Summit cherries had higher masses and dimensions. Lapins cherries had the highest penetration force values having, together with Summit cherries, the highest CIELAB values. Van cherries showed the highest total soluble solids contents. No significant differences were found for fruits’ acidity (similar titratable acidities). The possibility of discriminating cherry cultivars was also evaluated using a linear discriminant analysis/simulated-annealing algorithm. A discriminant model was established based on nine non-redundant biometric-physicochemical parameters (using a low-level data fusion), with low sensitivity (75 ± 15% for the repeated K-fold cross-validation). On the contrary, a discriminant model, based on the potentiometric fingerprints of 11 selected sensors, allowed a better discrimination, with sensitivities of 88 ± 7% for the repeated K-fold cross-validation procedure. Thus, the electronic tongue could be used as a practical tool to discriminate cherry cultivars and, if applied by fruit traders, may reduce the risk of mislabeling, increasing the consumers’ confidence when purchasing this high-value product.
Highlights
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit that is appreciated worldwide and is economically attractive, providing a high income for producers
These results showed that the biometric and physicochemical parameters evaluated had a discrimination power
This study confirmed that biometric (fruit and stone weight, the pulp/stone mass ratio, study confirmed that biometric (fruit stone weight, the pulp/stone mass(penetration ratio, length, length,This and maximum and minimum diameter) andand typical physicochemical characteristics and CIELAB
Summary
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit that is appreciated worldwide and is economically attractive, providing a high income for producers. The consumer demand has greatly increased in recent years, leading to a current increase of cherry agricultural production [1,2]. Both sour and sweet cherries possess distinct flavors, depending on the cultivar, geographical origin, and fruit maturity, among other factors [3]. Cherries are mainly consumed fresh [3]. Besides their recognized good taste and appealing color, sweet cherries have nutritional and health-promoting characteristics due to their richness in organic acids, sugars, vitamins, minerals, volatile compounds, and antioxidants compounds (e.g., melatonin and dietary phenolic compounds), as well as their fiber content [2,4,5,6,7,8]. The cherry fruit chemical composition has been extensively studied using both destructive and non-destructive conventional analytical techniques (physicochemical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic analyses)
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