Discrimination of HLA-B27 alleles by group-specific amplification followed by solid-phase sequencing

Abstract

HLA-B27 is known to be highly associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Until now, nine B27 subtypes have been sequenced and may contribute in different fashions to ankylosing spondylitis. Additionally, the divergent subtypes may be of clinical importance in bone marrow transplantation with alternative donors. The purpose of this study was to determine the different subtypes of HLA-B27 by a direct sequencing approach. The typing strategy is based on a group-specific amplification of the second and third exon followed by automated fluorescence sequencing of the polymorphic regions. The extensive sharing of sequence motifs between the different B alleles made it impossible to specifically amplify the B27 group under the precondition of including all sequence variations necessary for a postamplification specificity step. Therefore, for setting up a direct sequencing approach of B27, co-amplified B alleles had to be taken into account. In order to get unambiguous sequencing chromatograms without any heterozygous positions, nested sequencing primers were used which selectively matched sequence motifs only present in the second and third exon of the amplified B27 alleles. This strategy allowed in all cases investigated a clear separation of the haplotypes, revealing unequivocal sequencing results. Using this method, we have investigated 93 B27-positive individuals. Sequencing identified the alleles B∗2702, 2703, 2704, 2705, and 2707. B∗2701, 2706, 2708, and 2709 were not represented in the population studied.