Abstract
Spectral discrimination of mangrove leaves is the first step in classifying remotely sensed imagery of mangrove forests. The objective of this study was to analyze spectroscopic data on leaves from the upper and lower parts of mangrove canopies to discriminate species and physiognomic types. Leaf samples from the upper and lower parts of the canopies of 3 mangrove species (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle) in 2 physiognomic types (basin and fringe) were collected during 2 seasons (dry and rainy). Probability distribution and first-derivative plots were generated for every wavelength (450–1,000 nm) detected in all samples. With the plots, optimal wavelengths were selected and subsequently verified with a canonical discriminant analysis. Results indicated that all species in basin mangrove forests showed a unique distinction between the upper and lower leaves during the dry season. By contrast, species in fringe mangrove forests did not show this difference during both seasons. Optimal wavelengths for species discrimination were located between 540–560 nm and 700–720 nm, which correspond to the green and red-edge wavebands, respectively. Future studies using remote sensing data with the aforementioned wavebands can be conducted to discriminate physiognomic mangrove forest types and to increase accuracy in the classification of mangroves at the canopy level on the Pacific coast of Mexico.
Highlights
Study areaField work was carried out along the southern part of the coastal lagoon in the Urías system, Sinaloa, Mexico (23o13ʹ– 23o11ʹN, 106o23ʹ–106o21ʹW), during the end of the dry season (May) and the rainy season (October) in 2010 (Fig. 1)
Tropical storms and hurricanes during the rainy season (June–September) notably increase precipitation, which increases photosynthetic pigment contents in the mangrove forest (Flores-de-Santiago et al 2012). In this subtropical coastal lagoon, where freshwater input is not constant, tides play an important role in the hydroperiod of the mangrove forest (Monroy-Torres et al 2015)
The results of our analysis show that the distribution of leaves in forest canopies plays an important role in the spectroscopic variability in the types of mangroves, in stressed mangrove forests
Summary
Field work was carried out along the southern part of the coastal lagoon in the Urías system, Sinaloa, Mexico (23o13ʹ– 23o11ʹN, 106o23ʹ–106o21ʹW), during the end of the dry season (May) and the rainy season (October) in 2010 (Fig. 1). Sus resultados indicaron que es posible estimar el contenido de clorofila usando las longitudes de onda del borde del rojo (705–753 nm) y extrapolar esta estimación a áreas de interés por medio de imágenes de Landsat 8. Flores-de-Santiago et al (2016) estimaron el contenido de pigmentos (chla, chlb, carotenoides totales) con datos espectroscópicos (350–1,000 nm) por medio de correlogramas para 3 especies de mangle subtropical durante 2 temporadas (lluvia y estiaje). Tropical storms and hurricanes during the rainy season (June–September) notably increase precipitation, which increases photosynthetic pigment contents in the mangrove forest (Flores-de-Santiago et al 2012) In this subtropical coastal lagoon, where freshwater input is not constant, tides play an important role in the hydroperiod (flood frequency and duration) of the mangrove forest (Monroy-Torres et al 2015). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la región espectral que mejor discrimine las 3 especies de mangle subtropical a nivel de hoja, entre 2 alturas de dosel, durante 2 temporadas (lluvia y estiaje) y en 2 condiciones fisiognómicas (borde y cuenca)
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