Abstract
Research suggests that experiences of discrimination and life stressors are associated with negative mental-health outcomes for Muslim populations in western countries. The current study reports on two meta-analyses based on 295 correlations from 130 unique samples and 27,725 individuals, examining the associations of discrimination and life stressors, both separately and jointly, with mental health. Discrimination was significantly associated with negative mental-health outcomes (rs = .22–.23). Between-study variability in effects sizes was explained by discrimination level, mental-health outcome, number of discrimination measure items, and refugee status. Life stressors were also significantly associated with negative mental-health outcomes (rs = .32–.37). Between-study variability in effect sizes was explained by publication bias, sample population, number of life stressor measure items, continent, and ethnicity. Both omnibus effect-size estimates were robust to tests of publication bias, outliers, and within-study dependence. Results suggest unique associations between both discrimination and life stressors with mental health. In the current sociopolitical climate, this study is an important step to better serve the mental health needs of the growing global Muslim community.
Highlights
ObjectivesWe aim to test potential demographic moderators including, but not limited to gender, age, immigrant status, and country/region
This is the first meta-analysis that focuses on Muslims living in Western countries, and that examines the associations of both stressors—discrimination and life stressors—with mentalhealth
We mainly use the umbrella term “mental-health outcomes,” we present mental-health outcome specific results in Table 6 and Table 15 that shows a) experiences of discrimination are most strongly associated with increased depression, and b) experiences of life stress are most strongly associated with somatization and PTSD
Summary
We aim to test potential demographic moderators including, but not limited to gender, age, immigrant status, and country/region. We aim to reduce redundant information as much as possible between the discrimination and life-stressor datasets results by removing repetitive information when presenting the life-stressor dataset results. We aim to reduce redundant information that was already explained in greater detail while presenting the meta-analytic results on discrimination
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