Abstract
BackgroundChinese medicinal herbs may use more than one species of Curcumae Radix (Yujin) is the tuberous roots of Curcumae wenyujin, C. kwangsiensis, C. phaeocaulis and C. longa. This study aimed to characterize the chemical profiles of these different species of Curcumae Radix, and develop a method for rapid discrimination of these species by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOFMS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis.MethodsThe metabolomes of 33 different batches of Curcumae Radix derived from four Curcumae species were profiled by UHPLC/Q-TOFMS. The resulting sample codes, tR–m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed by unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to characterize the chemical composition of Curcumae Radix across the four different species.ResultsObvious differences were observed in the chemical compositions of the Curcumae Radix samples derived from the four different species according to PCA and OPLS-DA. These results suggested that curcumin, curcumenone, curcumenol and zederone could be used as unique chemical markers for C. longa, C. wenyujin, C. phaeocaulis and C. kwangsiensis, respectively.ConclusionsThis study developed a UHPLC/Q-TOFMS method coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to discriminate between Curcumae Radix samples from four different Curcumae species, i.e., C. longa, C. wenyujin, C. phaeocaulis and C. kwangsiensis. Notably, this new approach resulted in the identification of curcumin (a), curcumenone (b), curcumenol (c) and zederone (d) as unique chemical markers for the identification.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-016-0095-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Chinese medicinal herbs may use more than one species of Curcumae Radix (Yujin) is the tuberous roots of Curcumae wenyujin, C. kwangsiensis, C. phaeocaulis and C. longa
Several analytical methods, including liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS) [11, 12], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13, 14], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [15, 16], thin layer chromatography (TLC) [17] and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [18], have been developed to discriminate among the different species of Curcuma based on the chemical diversity of several main ingredients, sesquiterpenoids
The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical profiles of Curcumae Radix and develop a rapid method to discriminate between the species by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOFMS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis
Summary
Chinese medicinal herbs may use more than one species of Curcumae Radix (Yujin) is the tuberous roots of Curcumae wenyujin, C. kwangsiensis, C. phaeocaulis and C. longa. Liu et al Chin Med (2016) 11:21 from the dried tuberous roots of four Curcuma species, including Curcuma wenyujin, C. kwangsiensis, C. phaeocaulis and C. longa, as officially described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia [10]. Several analytical methods, including liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS) [11, 12], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13, 14], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [15, 16], thin layer chromatography (TLC) [17] and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [18], have been developed to discriminate among the different species of Curcuma based on the chemical diversity of several main ingredients, sesquiterpenoids. Furanodiene degrades to curzerene via a [3,3]-sigmatropic reaction (Cope rearrangement) upon heat treatment [25], whereas (4S, 5S)-germacrone-4,5-epoxide cyclizes through a transannular reaction on exposure to heat [26]
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