Discretization of Time-delay Systems

Abstract

In this chapter, the discretization of time-delay continuous systems will be presented through time-delay and nontime-delay discrete nodes. The explicit and implicit discrete maps will be discussed for numerical predictions of time-delayed continuous systems. Basic discrete schemes are presented which include forward and backward Euler methods, midpoint and trapezoidal rule method. The second-order Runge–Kutta method is discussed first, and then the explicit Runge–Kutta methods of the third and fourth orders are presented.