Discrete Sommerfeld diffraction problems on hexagonal lattice with a zigzag semi-infinite crack and rigid constraint

Abstract

Diffraction problems, associated with waves scattered by a semi-infinite crack and rigid constraint, in a hexagonal (honeycomb) lattice model, with nearest neighbor interactions, are solved exactly using the method of Wiener and Hopf. Asymptotic expressions for the scattered waves in far field are provided for both problems, by application of the method of stationary phase to corresponding diffraction integrals. Additionally, for the crack diffraction problem, bond lengths on the semi-infinite row complementing the crack, as well as the crack opening displacement, are provided in closed form except for the presence of concomitant Fourier coefficients of the Wiener–Hopf kernel. For the rigid constraint diffraction problem, the solution on the semi-infinite row complementing the constrained lattice sites, as well as that adjacent to the constrained row, are provided in similar closed form. The amplitude, as well as phase, of waves in far field is compared, through graphical plots, with that of a numerical solution on finite grid. Also, the analytical solution for few sites near the tip of each defect is compared with numerical solution. Both discrete Sommerfeld diffraction problems and their solutions are also relevant to numerical solution of the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation using a 4-point hexagonal grid, besides having applications inherent to the scattering of waves on a honeycomb structure.