Abstract
3 Because the learners are communicating with each other as equals and the teacher is not involved, they are not anxious about speaking as they would be in a superior-inferior arrangement. 4 All learners are active using the foreign language. 5 Because the combining arrangement requires the learners to cooperate to achieve communication, they help each other improve their ability at communication. For this reason when groups or pairs are made, it is best to have learners of differing ability in the same group, rather than have all the weaker learners together. 6 The combining arrangement encourages cooperative attitudes among the learners and reduces unwanted competition. 7 Techniques using a combining arrangement are fun.
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