Abstract
We study the discrete soliton formation in one- and two-dimensional arrays of nanowires coated with graphene monolayers. Highly confined solitons, including the fundamental and the higher-order modes, are found to be supported by the proposed structure with a low level of power flow. Numerical analysis reveals that, by tuning the input intensity and Fermi energy, the beam diffraction, soliton dimension and propagation loss can be fully controlled in a broad range, indicating potential values of the graphene-based solitons in nonlinear/active nanophotonic systems.
Highlights
The nonlinear (NL) optics in plasmonic nano-structures has recently become a very attractive area of scientific research, owing to its important role in nanoscale signal processing, where light flows are expected to be restricted, guided, and manipulated efficiently in a small volume [1]
A concrete example is the generation of plasmonic solitons in the metal-NL dielectric composites [2,3,4], where the self-actions of subwavelength localized beams were demonstrated
We propose a new type of periodic plasmonic nanostructure constituted by closely packed graphene-coated nanowires, in both 1D and 2D arrangements
Summary
The nonlinear (NL) optics in plasmonic nano-structures has recently become a very attractive area of scientific research, owing to its important role in nanoscale signal processing, where light flows are expected to be restricted, guided, and manipulated efficiently in a small volume [1]. When utilized in photonic integration, the graphene layer benefits from its excellent mechanical robustness and pliability [8], making the material feasible to be tailored, wrapped, or assembled with other dielectric/metal structures, such as ridges [9, 10], fibers [11,12,13], nanowires [14, 15] and nanoparticles [16, 17] These structures manifest unique optical modes and dispersion relations in comparison with planar sheets, and can be widely explored as promising building blocks for high-sensitive sensors [13], absorbers [18, 19], metamaterials [20, 21] and nano-waveguides [14, 22]. Our results demonstrate the existence of discrete solitons, whose characteristics, including the mode localization, the soliton power and the propagation length, exhibit feasible tunability through controlling the Fermi energy or the input beam intensity
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