Discrete Particle Methods for Simulating Quasi-Static Load and Hypervelocity Impact Phenomena

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a mesh-free computational model for the simulation of high-speed impact phenomena. Within the framework of particle dynamics simulations we model a macroscopic solid ceramic tile as a network of overlapping discrete particles of microscopic size. Using potentials of the Lennard–Jones type, we integrate the classical Newtonian equations of motion and perform uni-axial, quasi-static load simulations to customize our three model parameters to the typical tensile strength, Young’s modulus and the compressive strength of a ceramic. Subsequently we perform shock load simulations in a standard experimental setup, the edge-on impact (EOI) configuration. Our obtained results concerning crack initiation and propagation through the material agree well with corresponding high-speed EOI experiments with Aluminum Oxinitride (AlON), Aluminum Oxide [Formula: see text] and Silicon Carbide (SiC), performed at the Fraunhofer Ernst-Mach-Institute (EMI). Additionally, we present initial simulation results where we use our particle–based model to simulate a second type of high-speed impact experiments where an accelerated sphere strikes a thin aluminum plate. Such experiments are done at our institute to investigate the debris clouds arising from such impacts, which constitute a miniature model version of a generic satellite structure that is hit by debris in the earth’s orbit. Our findings are that a discrete particle based method leads to very stable, energy-conserving simulations of high–speed impact scenarios. Our chosen interaction model works particularly well in the velocity range where the local stresses caused by impact shock waves markedly exceed the ultimate material strength.