Abstract
Thrips-transmitted tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes spotted wilt disease in peanuts. A serological test (DAS-ELISA) is often used to detect TSWV in peanut leaf samples. However, in a few studies, DAS-ELISA detected more TSWV infection in root than leaf samples. It was not clear if the increased detection was due to increased TSWV accumulation in root tissue or merely an overestimation. Additionally, it was unclear if TSWV detection in asymptomatic plants would be affected by the detection technique. TSWV infection in leaf and root tissue from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants was compared via DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR. TSWV incidence did not vary by DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR in leaf and root samples of symptomatic plants or in leaf samples of asymptomatic plants. In contrast, significantly more TSWV infection and virus load were detected in root samples of asymptomatic plants via DAS-ELISA than other techniques suggesting that DAS-ELISA overestimated TSWV incidence and load. TSWV loads from symptomatic plants via RT-qPCR were higher in leaf than root samples, while TSWV loads in leaf and root samples from asymptomatic plants were not different but were lower than those in symptomatic plants. These findings suggested that peanut tissue type and detection technique could affect accurate TSWV detection and/or quantitation.
Highlights
Spotted wilt disease of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is caused by the tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), and TSWV is exclusively transmitted by nine thrips species in the order Thysanoptera and family Thripidae [1,2,3]
The evaluation of TSWV incidence in peanuts is commonly accomplished by visual The evaluation of TSWV incidence in peanuts is commonly accomplished by visual assessments of typical TSWV-induced spotted wilt disease symptoms, such as yellowassessments of typical TSWV-induced spotted wilt disease symptoms, such as yellowing, ing, concentric ring spots, and stunting [1,9]
Foliar symptom-based screening can be conconfounded by biotic factors such as infection by other pathogens, arthropod infestation, founded by biotic factors as of infection by For other pathogens, arthropod infestation, TSWV
Summary
Spotted wilt disease of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is caused by the tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), and TSWV is exclusively transmitted by nine thrips species in the order Thysanoptera and family Thripidae [1,2,3]. Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus is the type species in the genus Orthotospovirus, family Tospoviridae, and order Bunyavirales [3]. TSWV is an important yield-limiting factor and is ubiquitous across major peanutproducing states in the Southeast since the first report of spotted wilt in peanut in 1971 in the U.S [5,6,7,8,9,10]. In Georgia, the top U.S peanut-producing state, the annual peanut yield loss to TSWV was estimated at over USD 20 million from 2015 to 2018 [11,12,13,14,15]
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