Discovery of Two Einstein Crosses from Massive Post-blue Nugget Galaxies at z > 1 in KiDS*

Abstract

Abstract We report the discovery of two Einstein Crosses (ECs) in the footprint of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS): KIDS J232940-340922 and KIDS J122456+005048. Using integral field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer at the Very Large Telescope, we confirm their gravitational-lens nature. In both cases, the four spectra of the source clearly show a prominence of absorption features, hence revealing an evolved stellar population with little star formation. The lensing model of the two systems, assuming a singular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE) with external shear, shows that: (1) the two crosses, located at redshift z = 0.38 and 0.24, have Einstein radius R E = 5.2 kpc and 5.4 kpc, respectively; (2) their projected dark matter fractions inside the half effective radius are 0.60 and 0.56 (Chabrier initial mass function); (3) the sources are ultra-compact galaxies, R e ∼ 0.9 kpc (at redshift, z s = 1.59) and R e ∼ 0.5 kpc (z s = 1.10), respectively. These results are unaffected by the underlying mass density assumption. Due to size, blue color, and absorption-dominated spectra, corroborated by low specific star formation rates derived from optical–near-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting, we argue that the two lensed sources in these ECs are blue nuggets migrating toward their quenching phase.