Abstract
Discovery of genes affecting resistance of barley to adapted and non-adapted powdery mildew fungi
Highlights
Non-host resistance, non-host resistance (NHR), to non-adapted pathogens and quantitative host resistance, quantitative resistance (QR), confer durable protection to plants and are important for securing yield in a longer perspective
Selection of gene groups In total 1,274 transient-induced gene silencing (TIGS) constructs were bombarded into barley epidermal cells, which corresponded to 1,144 candidate target genes due to a certain number of redundant constructs targeting the same genes
The sets of TIGS constructs used in both screens overlapped partially and targeted primarily transcripts found to be upregulated during host or non-host interactions of barley epidermis with Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) or B. graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt). (Table 1)
Summary
Non-host resistance, NHR, to non-adapted pathogens and quantitative host resistance, QR, confer durable protection to plants and are important for securing yield in a longer perspective. Plant-pathogen co-evolution has shaped a multifaceted innate immunity system triggered by the recognition of non-self-molecules via pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) belonging to the family of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) [1] These non-self-molecules known as pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or, more generally, microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) include conserved domains of proteins such as bacterial flagellin (flg22) or chitin fragments from fungal cell walls [2]. Durable and broad-range non-host resistance (NHR) to virtually all races of non-adapted pathogens appears to be an important manifestation of PTI in many cases [4,5] there is experimental evidence that NHR can - at least in grass species - be mediated by as little as one major R gene recognizing an indispensable Avr effector [6]. QR could be mediated by partially functional (defeated) major R-genes weakly recognizing ubiquitous Avr effectors such as ECP1 or ECP2 [12], but molecular evidence for this type of interactions is scarce [13,14]
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