Abstract
Osteosarcomas are the most common malignant bone tumors, and the identification of useful tumor biomarkers and target proteins is required to predict the clinical outcome of patients and therapeutic response as well as to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Global protein expression studies, namely, proteomic studies, can offer important clues to understanding the tumor biology that cannot be obtained by other approaches. These studies, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, have provided protein expression profiles of osteosarcoma that can be used to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, as well as to understand biology of tumor progression and malignancy. In this paper, a brief description of the methodology will be provided followed by a few examples of the recent proteomic studies that have generated new information regarding osteosarcomas.
Highlights
Osteosarcoma is the most common, nonhematopoietic, primary malignant bone tumor and most frequently occurs in the second decade, with 60% of patients under the age of 25 years [1]
We mainly describe pertinent proteomic studies that have identified tumor-specific proteins corresponding to tumor progression and that can be used as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma using patient materials
The suppression of EZR protein expression significantly reduced the metastatic behavior in two murine models and it was associated with a decreased Akt and mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) activity [49, 52, 53]. These findings suggest that targeting EZR might improve the treatment of osteosarcoma, especially in metastasis cases
Summary
Osteosarcoma is the most common, nonhematopoietic, primary malignant bone tumor and most frequently occurs in the second decade, with 60% of patients under the age of 25 years [1]. The use of high-throughput screening approaches, such as array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis and cDNA microarray technology, allows for the screening of several thousand DNA and mRNA sequences and can identify the genes relevant to the diagnosis and clinical features of tumors [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13] These comprehensive studies have identified several genes that may be involved in the development or progression of osteosarcomas, and represent candidate biomarkers and/or drug targets [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. We briefly discuss the proteomic technologies, especially electrophoresis-based techniques, as well as the identification of biomarkers and novel targets for osteosarcoma identified by proteomic approaches
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