Abstract
Dysbiosis is commonly detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), supporting the concept that a dysregulated immune reaction to bacterial antigens has a pathogenic role in the development of intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we have investigated the beneficial effects of a novel probiotic formulation assembled by combining four probiotics (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis) with Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium, with extensive bio-applications. Mice rendered colitic by administration of TNBS or DSS were administered with Bacillus subtilis alone, Vivomixx® or the novel Five strains formulation. Vivomixx® attenuated the severity of inflammation and reduced the development of signs and symptoms of colitis in both models. Adding Bacillus subtilis to Vivomixx® improved the beneficial effects of the bacterial therapy. The novel Five strains formulation was as effective as Vivomixx® in reducing the development of signs and symptoms of colitis and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including Il-6 and Tnf-α while increased the expression of Il-10 mRNA and the number of Treg. In summary, we have shown that a novel Five strains probiotics formulation exerts beneficial effects on two chemical models of colitis, establishing Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic in rodent models of inflammation.
Highlights
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine
We have first investigated the efficacy of the Five strains probiotics formulation in an acute model of colitis, caused by intrarectal administration of TNBS, a widely used model of Th1-mediated disease with some similarities with Crohn’s disease
IBD are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders characterized by dysregulated immune responses to the intestinal microbiota that occurs in genetically susceptible hosts
Summary
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. The precise etiology of IBD is not yet fully understood, the most accepted hypothesis of its pathogenesis is that it develops due to an altered response to antigens deriving from the intestinal microbiota in genetically predisposed individuals [1]. The intestinal microbiota might represent an important therapeutic target in these disorders. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1945 leukocytes towards the gastrointestinal microcirculation [5,6,7]. Despite these efforts, and an impressive pipeline of novel therapeutic approaches, there is still a large subset of patients that are unresponsive or that have incomplete response to treatment or relapse at the end of treatment
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