Abstract
Genetic markers have transformed the understanding of genetic studies which facilitate the implementation of gene mapping and molecular breeding in plants. The advancement of molecular markers from few decades has paved the way for highly stable and resistant crop varieties. Uses of highly polymorphic molecular markers such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) together with high-throughput technologies are preferred choice in quantitative trait loci (QTL) gene discovery and plant breeding. Next-generation sequencing is an important tool for discovery and validation of genetic markers. QTL and genome-wide association mapping provides a detailed view of molecular markers and linked genes which inherit together in each generation. This chapter delivers an in-depth knowledge of molecular genetic markers, from their history to its application in the field of gene mapping, molecular breeding, and genetic diversity. Furthermore, comparisons of molecular markers are also discussed robustly.
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