Discovering the Essence of Problems from the Approach of “Outside the Game”

Abstract

This paper discusses the challenges in identifying the true essence of economic and management problems due to their complexity and multifaceted nature. Decision-makers often mistake appearances for the underlying issues, leading to ineffective solutions. The authors argue for a deeper analysis that considers both direct and indirect factors, as well as the system’s equilibrium and disequilibrium states. They highlight the importance of understanding the system's structure and the role of seemingly insignificant factors in driving change. The paper uses the example of Saharan poverty to illustrate the need for addressing cultural and institutional roots rather than just economic measures. The authors call for an “outside the game” perspective to uncover the real causes and develop effective strategies for problem-solving.