Abstract
Abstract. The capabilities of Sentinel-2A imagery to determine bathymetric information in shallow coastal waters were examined. In this regard, two Sentinel-2A images (acquired on February and March 2016 in calm weather and relatively low turbidity) were selected from Nayband Bay, located in the northern Persian Gulf. In addition, a precise and accurate bathymetric map for the study area were obtained and used for both calibrating the models and validating the results. Traditional linear and ratio transform techniques, as well as a novel integrated method, were employed to determine depth values. All possible combinations of the three bands (Band 2: blue (458-523 nm), Band 3: green (543-578 nm), and Band 4: red (650-680 nm), spatial resolution: 10 m) have been considered (11 options) using the traditional linear and ratio transform techniques, together with 10 model options for the integrated method. The accuracy of each model was assessed by comparing the determined bathymetric information with field measured values. The correlation coefficients (R2), and root mean square errors (RMSE) for validation points were calculated for all models and for two satellite images. When compared with the linear transform method, the method employing ratio transformation with a combination of all three bands yielded more accurate results (R2Mac = 0.795, R2Feb = 0.777, RMSEMac = 1.889 m, and RMSEFeb =2.039 m). Although most of the integrated transform methods (specifically the method including all bands and band ratios) have yielded the highest accuracy, these increments were not significant, hence the ratio transformation has selected as optimum method.
Highlights
The Updated and reliable bathymetric information for nearshore coastal waters are essential for coastal management and monitoring, and for mapping benthic habitats in shallow waters (Chust et al, 2010; Kabiri et al, 2013 & 2014)
The two statistical indicators (R2 and root mean square errors (RMSE) for the points used for validation) for both satellite images are represented
The depth values for all pixels selected for validation were determined using the determined values for unknown parameters and for all 21 chosen models
Summary
The Updated and reliable bathymetric information for nearshore coastal waters are essential for coastal management and monitoring, and for mapping benthic habitats in shallow waters (Chust et al, 2010; Kabiri et al, 2013 & 2014). After launching Sentinel-2A satellite on June 2015 with 10 m spatial resolution, it is expected to observe an improvement in the ability of producing more detailed and precise bathymetric map, where the Sentinel2A includes required spectral bands to determine depth values To examine this assumption, the main objective of this research is to assess the capability of Sentinel-2A imagery to estimate depth values in near-shore coastal waters. The main objective of this research is to assess the capability of Sentinel-2A imagery to estimate depth values in near-shore coastal waters In this regard, Nayband Bay (located in the northern Persian Gulf) was selected as the study area, where an accurate and reliable database from depth values is available for this region. The traditional linear and ratio transform methods proposed by Stumpf et al (2003) were both applied to two selected
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