Abstract
This study aimed to estimate overreporting (the false positive) and underreporting (false negative) rates in self-reported IGD assessment compared with clinical diagnosed IGD. The study population consisted of 45 with IGD and 228 without IGD based on clinical diagnosis from the Internet User Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of Gaming Disorder in Early Adolescence (iCURE) study. All participants completed self-reported IGD assessments. Clinical interviews were conducted blindly by trained mental health professionals based on DSM-5 IGD criteria. Self-assessed average daily amount of gaming time and game genre were measured. Psychological characteristics, including anxiety, suicidality, aggression, self-control, self-esteem, and family support, were obtained from the baseline survey. The false-negative rate for self-reported IGD assessment was 44%. The false-negative group reported less time playing online games than the IGD group, though their psychological characteristics were similar to those of the IGD group. The false-positive rate was 9.6%. They reported more time playing online games than non-IGD group, though their psychological characteristics were similar to those of non-IGD group except self-control. The discrepancy of IGD diagnoses between self-reports and clinical diagnosis revealed limitations of self-measurements. Various strategies are required to overcome the methodological shortfalls of self-reports for the assessment of IGD.
Highlights
Self-report measures are an inexpensive and relatively quick way to collect much data
This study investigated whether psychosocial characteristics which are well known risk and protective factors related to the development of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) such as anxiety[14], suicidality[15], aggression[16], self-control[17], self-esteem[18], and family support[19,20] differed between adolescents in the false-positive and false-negative groups
There was a modest difference in family type: the frequency of non-intact families was 22.2% in the IGD and 11.4% in the non-IGD groups (P = 0.050)
Summary
Self-report measures are an inexpensive and relatively quick way to collect much data. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted comparing self-reported IGD with clinical interviews based on DSM-5 criteria in a population-based study. This study aimed to estimate the false-positive and false-negative rates in an IGD self-report assessment compared with a clinical assessment of IGD made by mental health professionals based on DSM-5 IGD diagnostic criteria. The false-negative (underreporting) group was defined as adolescents who did not have IGD on self-report, but were diagnosed with IGD in the clinical diagnostic interview. The false-positive (overreporting) group was defined as adolescents who had IGD on self-report, but who were assessed as not having IGD in the clinical diagnostic interview
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