Abstract
Understanding strongly interacting quantum matter and quantum gravity are both important open issues in theoretical physics, and the holographic duality between quantum field theory and gravity theory nicely brings these two topics together. Nevertheless, direct connections between gravity physics and experimental observations in quantum matter are still rare. Here we utilize the gravity physics picture to understand quench dynamics experimentally observed in a class of random spin models realized in several different quantum systems, where the dynamics of magnetization are measured after the external polarization field is suddenly turned off. Two universal features of the magnetization dynamics, namely, a slow decay described by a stretched exponential function and an oscillatory behavior, are respectively found in different parameter regimes across different systems. This work addresses the issues of generic conditions under which these two universal features can occur, and we find that a natural answer to this question emerges in the gravity picture. By the holographic duality bridged by a model proposed by Maldacena and Qi, the quench dynamics after suddenly turning off the external polarization field is mapped to disconnecting an eternal traversable wormhole. Our studies show that insight from gravity physics can help unifying different experiments in quantum systems.
Highlights
The holographic duality between quantum field theory at boundary and gravity theory in bulk has shed new insights in understanding both quantum matter and gravity [1,2,3]
By examining different parameters [38], we find that whether the monotonical decay or oscillatory behavior occurs in the quench dynamics essentially depends on whether the final state is the black hole” (BH) phase or the TW phase
We show that the quench dynamics of randomly interacting quantum spins after turning off an external field can be understood in the dual gravity picture as turning off a coupling field for making the wormhole traversable
Summary
The holographic duality between quantum field theory at boundary and gravity theory in bulk has shed new insights in understanding both quantum matter and gravity [1,2,3]. Taking the advantages of the controllability of these systems, these realizations enable experimental studies of far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics, and the quench dynamics in these random spin models have been reported in a number of recent experiments [16,17,18,19,20,21]. (i) Slow decay of the total magnetization has been found when the magnetization decays to zero at long time, and the time dependence of the total magnetization is identified as a stretched exponential function This feature has been observed in experiments on NV centers [18], Rydberg atom [20], and high-spin atoms in optical lattices [21]. By studying the evolution of the spectral functions during the quench dynamics, we can establish a gravity interpretation of the quench dynamics
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