Abstract

The current experiment investigated whether counter-attitudinal information can alter a pre-existing attitude and the accompanying confirmation bias. Sixty-three non-clinical children (9–12 years) were shown pictures of a positive animal (quokka) or a dangerous-looking animal (aye aye). For both animals attitudes and information seeking patterns were obtained. Next, they received counter-attitudinal information of each animal; attitudes and seeking patterns were reassessed. We found that the aye aye was perceived as more dangerous and less kind compared to the quokka. A negative confirmation bias was observed for the aye aye, more negative than positive or neutral information was requested. For the quokka this pattern was absent, more positive and negative than neutral information was selected. The counter-attitudinal information decreased the scariness of the aye aye, but did marginally alter that of the quokka. Additionally, for the aye aye counter-attitudinal information increased search for positive and neutral information and decreased search for negative information. For the quokka the counter-attitudinal information only increased search for neutral information. The animals no longer differed from each other and no clear confirmation bias patterns were present. These results indicate that it is possible to change pre-existing values and their accompanying information search patterns.

Highlights

  • Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders in childhood (Merikangas et al 2009), hamper daily functioning and tend to persist into adulthood (Bandelow and Michaelis 2015)

  • The present study examined the influence of counterattitudinal information on confirmation bias in children

  • Counter-attitudinal information about each animal was provided followed by a repetition of the confirmation bias task

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Summary

Introduction

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders in childhood (Merikangas et al 2009), hamper daily functioning and tend to persist into adulthood (Bandelow and Michaelis 2015) It is, necessary to examine processes linked to the onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders in order to improve or develop effective interventions. A bias that has lately gained attention is confirmation bias This bias is expressed in the tendency to search for information that confirms the (negative) view a person holds, while ignoring alternative information that challenges the current view. Such preference for verification over falsification strategy automatically results in the reinforcement and maintenance of the fear (De Jong et al 1997; Mathews and MacLeod 2005)

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