Disclosure of the Mechanisms of Metabolic Disorders in Highly Productive Cows as a Way to Improve Milk Production Technology

Dmitry Skachkov,Vladimir Konvay,Mikhail Zabolotnykh,Ekaterina Kornienko,A Valiev,R Nizamov,B Ziganshin,A Taylan,I Safiullin,W Heijman,F Nezhmetdinova,M Kalimullin,D.I Zhilyakov,M Nizamutdinov,D.A Zyukin

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20213700174

Abstract

The aim of this study was to study the molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders that develop in highly productive cows. It was found that in the blood serum of animals with subclinical ketosis (SCK), which are in the eighth month of pregnancy, the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate is increased, the content of iron, calcium and phosphorus is reduced, its iron-binding capacity against the background of the absence of phenomena of hepatocellular insufficiency, violation of the integrity of hepatocytes, hypoplastic anemia. The aggravation of ketoacidosis in fresh cows with rumen acidosis is facilitated by the development of carbohydrate deficiency in them, due to their increased oxidation in the reactions of anaerobic glycolysis, accompanied by excessive catabolism of purine mononucleotides to uric acid. Excessive lipid peroxidation of membrane structures under conditions of increased catabolism of purine nucleotides, along with the accumulation of acylglycerols in the liver caused by cobalamin deficiency, leads to the development of syndromes of impaired hepatocyte integrity and hepatocellular insufficiency. A decrease in the liver's ability to store iron ions and synthesize proteins that provide an increase in the iron-binding capacity of blood plasma in conditions of cobalamin deficiency contributes to the development of hypoplastic anemia not only in cows, but also in calves born from them.

Highlights

Modern dairy farming can be profitable only when using highly concentrated feeding, which allows getting high milk yields
From the data presented in the table, it can be seen that the concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood of fresh cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK group) increases by 50.0 % (P = 6.7), and in animals with ketosis and rumen acidosis, by 97.4 % (P = 5.9) compared to the control
It follows from the data obtained that in the blood plasma of cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK), which are in the eighth month of pregnancy, the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate is increased, the content of iron, calcium and phosphorus is reduced, its iron binding capacity is reduced against the background of the absence of phenomena of hepatocellular insufficiency and violation of the integrity of hepatocytes and hypoplastic anemia

Summary

Introduction

Modern dairy farming can be profitable only when using highly concentrated feeding, which allows getting high milk yields. Excessive use of starch-rich feed leads to inhibition of the vital activity of these microorganisms [1] The consequence of this may be a deep violation of the processes of energy supply, and a decrease in the supply of the body with methyl groups participating in many vital processes [2, 3]. Metabolic disorders are a serious problem for dairy farming, manifested by decreased productivity and early culling of animals. Their consequence can be the development in highly productive cows of ketoacidosis, fatty liver infiltration, multiple organ failure, pathology of pregnancy and birth weakness. The pathogenesis of these conditions is not fully understood, which limits the development of new methods of diagnosing and treating them

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