Abstract
The expansion of higher education after World War II was accompanied by massive transformations in the systems of knowledge production, dissemination, and organization. The geographies, hierarchies, and institutional dynamics of knowledge production shifted quite considerably between 1945 and 2015. The chapter is divided into three parts. First, it compares the changing patterns in the landscapes of knowledge production in different world regions. Second, it examines the complex and profound transformations in academic fields. Third, it analyses the role and impact of the new information and communication technologies. These trends manifested themselves quite differently in various world regions. In fact, old disparities persisted and new ones arose.
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