Abstract
One hundred and sixty two genotypes of different Lens species were screened for salinity tolerance in hydroponics at 40, 80 and 120 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 30 d. The germination, seedling growth, biomass accumulation, seedling survivability, salinity scores, root and shoot anatomy, sodium ion (Na+), chloride ion (Cl-) and potassium ion (K+) concentrations, proline and antioxidant activities were measured to evaluate the performance of all the genotypes. The results were compared in respect of physiological (Na+, K+ and Cl-) and seed yield components obtained from field trials for salinity stress conducted during two years. Expression of salt tolerance in hydroponics was found to be reliable indicator for similarity in salt tolerance between genotypes and was evident in saline soil based comparisons. Impressive genotypic variation for salinity tolerance was observed among the genotypes screened under hydroponic and saline field conditions. Plant concentrations of Na+ and Cl- at 120 mM NaCl were found significantly correlated with germination, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, seedling survivability, salinity scores and K+ under controlled conditions and ranked the genotypes along with their seed yield in the field. Root and shoot anatomy of tolerant line (PDL-1) and wild accession (ILWL-137) showed restricted uptake of Na+ and Cl- due to thick layer of their epidermis and endodermis as compared to sensitive cultigen (L-4076). All the genotypes were scanned using SSR markers for genetic diversity, which generated high polymorphism. On the basis of cluster analysis and population structure the contrasting genotypes were grouped into different classes. These markers may further be tested to explore their potential in marker-assisted selection.
Highlights
Salinity affected arable area globally is around 100 million ha worldwide, and is increasing day by day [1]
Visual salt injury, seedling survival, reduction in seedling growth, biomass accumulation, Na+, Cl, K+ contents, proline, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and antioxidant activities have been used in the past for evaluation of salt tolerance in various crops
The results showed no reduction in germination of tolerant wild accessions and breeding lines at any salinity levels
Summary
Salinity affected arable area globally is around 100 million ha worldwide, and is increasing day by day [1]. The screening of genotypes at seedling stage is easier than at vegetative or reproductive stages [10] and early growth stages have shown better plant’s response to salinity [11], initial screening for salt tolerance at seedling stage is considered more important. Dua and Sharma reported that reduction in growth was accompanied with higher accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in tissues when exposed to high NaCl concentration [13]. Entry of both Na+ and Clinto the cells leads to severe ion imbalance and excess uptake might cause significant physiological disorder (s). These processes interact with one another to impart resistance to salt at molecular or whole plant level [20,21]
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