Abstract
Este artículo reconstruye la manera en la que las diferentes zonas de Alemania surgidas tras la II Guerra Mundial comenzaron a reconstruir un sistema de asistencia médica y de educación destinado a las personas con discapacidades. En él se presta atención además al enfrentamiento existente entre la educación y la medicina. Tomando como ejemplo las discapacidades intelectuales, este trabajo examina la forma en que los diferentes referentes ideológicos influyeron tanto en la manera en la que se percibieron las discapacidades como en el modo en que los profesionales se enfrentaron a ellas. A través del análisis de diversas fuentes de la época, el artículo mostrará la manera en la que los profesionales entendieron las discapacidades en general y de manera especial las discapacidades intelectuales. El estudio comparará diferentes narrativas sobre la discapacidad intelectual analizando revistas psicológicas, médicas y educativas así como informes de testigos de ese momento.
Highlights
RESUMEN: Este artículo reconstruye la manera en la que las diferentes zonas de Alemania surgidas tras la II Guerra Mundial comenzaron a reconstruir un sistema de asistencia médica y de educación destinado a las personas con discapacidades
A través del análisis de diversas fuentes de la época, el artículo mostrará la manera en la que los profesionales entendieron las discapacidades en general y de manera especial las discapacidades intelectuales
The same was true for psychiatric institutions like mental hospitals, which until had been the dominating institutions of care for people with intellectual disabilities
Summary
At the end of World War II, systems of care for people with disabilities were in terrible shape all over defeated Germany. A complete lack of architectural standards, medical and teaching staff and conceptional frameworks, before both German states were founded, marked especially the years from 1945 to 1949. As a result, during those years people with intellectual disabilities had their most basic needs taken care of but one can’t really speak of adequate care, let alone an education. While there weren’t strong distinctions in East and West Germany immediately after the end of World War II, within the four years, differences emerged due to the consolidation of socialism in the German Democratic Republic (GDR onwards) and capitalism in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG onwards). A close comparison shows similarities between both political entities in the way intellectual disabilities were perceived
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