Disasters and Long-Term Recovery: Introduction to a Special Issue

Abstract

On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall as a Category 3 storm with catastrophic destruction and widespread loss of life across the U.S. Gulf Coast. Four weeks later, Hurricane Rita struck southwestern Louisiana and eastern Texas on September 25, 2005, forcing thousands of Katrina displaced Gulf Coast residents to relocate again (Cherry 2009; Kilmer et al. 2010). On April 20, 2010, the BP Deepwater Horizon offshore oil rig exploded and sank, killing 11 individuals and setting into motion an oil spill off of the Louisiana coast that has been called the worst humanmade environmental disaster in U.S. history. Over a 3-month period, an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil were released into the Gulf of Mexico threatening south Louisiana’s coastal environment, economy, seafood industry, and cultural heritage. A devastating technological disaster, the BP oil spill has introduced significant new life stresses for coastal residents still struggling with hurricane recovery (Cherry et al. 2015; Osofsky et al. 2011) The burden of multiple disaster exposures over the past decade has been immense for coastal communities. The occurrence of back-to-back disasters has stretched societal infrastructures and mental and behavioral health resources thin (Osofsky and Osofsky 2013). These disasters also afford a unique opportunity to examine personal and social factors that may contribute to disaster outcomes for youth and families, as well as community-dwelling older people and those who reside in assisted living facilities. Hurricane Katrina, the costliest disaster to affect the U.S., is a tragic reminder of the need for effective disaster preparedness and response. Consequently, the purpose of this special issue is to present a set of invited papers that illustrate post-disaster impacts from a lifespan perspective, with noteworthy implications for policy concerning long-term disaster recovery. In overview, the first two papers in this special issue feature applied research projects conducted in the wake of the 2005 hurricanes. Marks begins with an overview of qualitative research methods, shedding light on various challenges that have perhaps stymied the widespread adoption of qualitative approaches to problems of societal significance in the social sciences. Marks then illustrates the application of a rigorous qualitative methodology using examples from prior research conducted during Katrina’s immediate impact period (Marks et al. 2009; Tausch et al. 2011) and at least 5 years after the 2005 storms (Marks et al. in press). Next, Brown et al. report the outcomes of a mixed method study carried out in Florida in the aftermath of the four 2004 Hurricanes, Charlie, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne. They provide critical new evidence concerning disaster preparation for assisted living facilities, a topic that has received scant attention in prior literature. Together, the next five papers offer a lifespan perspective on post-disaster psychological reactions. These papers report basic research projects conducted in the wake of the 2005 hurricanes with participants of different ages: children and youth (Lai, Tiwari, Beaulieu, Self-Brown, & Kelley; King, Osofsky, Osofsky, Weems, Hansel, & Fassnacht), young adults (Lowe, Rhodes, & Waters), older adults (Kamo, Henderson, Roberto, Peabody, & White), and very old adults (Stanko et al.). The last two papers in this special issue focus on the human impacts of the BP oil spill. Cherry and colleagues provide narrative data that capture the health and economic concerns of coastal residents and commercial fishers directly affected by the BP oil spill. Allen and * Katie E. Cherry pskatie@lsu.edu