Abstract
The World Disarmament Conference (1932–34) and the Second London Naval Conference (1935–36) were the final two parts of the long interwar effort to achieve meaningful international disarmament, for both ultimately failed in their main purposes. The World Disarmament Conference brought to an end the League of Nations disarmament process launched in 1920 under the terms of the Versailles treaty and Article 8 of the League Covenant; the Second London Naval Conference marked an attempt at private negotiations among the major maritime powers (Britain, the United States, and Japan) launched in 1921–22 at the Washington Naval Conference to control arms competition at sea. As a result, this period was defined by a decisive shift on the part of all the main powers towards conceiving of their security in terms of military rearmament rather than negotiated disarmament.
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