Disadaptive Disorders of Regulation of Functions with Aging

Abstract

This review examines the basic theories of aging, which show the irreversibility of this process that leads to the death of cells and the body. The hypotheses of phenoptosis and apoptosis are discussed, as well as the view that disadaptation initiates free radical oxidation reactions and violates the neurohumoral regulation of functions. The review briefly examines the mechanisms of the development of age-related diseases. The hypothesis that partial adaptation and disadaptation are transitional biological processes associated with aging is proposed. A regularity that manifests itself in a reduction of the functional activity of an organ and cell metabolism in the state of disadaptation and aging (the principle of the limitation of cellular metabolism) is described. The study shows that aging leads to the progression of homeostatic disorders and changes in DNA methylation processes. The problem of the use of antioxidants, endogenous peptides, telomerase, and ozone to prevent the negative effects of oxidative stress on biomolecules and cellular structures is considered. It was proposed that the biosynthesis of biogenic amines significantly decreases during disadaptation and aging, which entails a decrease in the regulatory control of biochemical reactions by the hypothalamic-pituitary system. It is proposed that biogenic amines and their derivatives be considered substances that minimize the dysregulatory processes that reduce disadaptive manifestations in the body, stimulate cellular metabolism, and slow the aging process.