Abstract
This chapter traces the relationship between American science and disability, giving an overview of different models of disability and how they were shaped by changing scientific paradigms. It demonstrates how during the middle and late nineteenth century, the rise and professionalization of science and scientific medicine went hand in hand with shaping the modern categories of norms and the normal, and as its opposite, or pathological fringe: disability. In turn, disability came to be seen as a medical-technical problem to be solved. This medical-pathological model has been criticized by disability rights activists and the field of disability studies, leading to more diverse perspectives on science and disability in recent years.
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