Dirichlet problem of a delay differential equation with spatial non-locality on a half plane

Abstract

In this paper, we are concerned with modeling and analyzing the dynamics for a two-stage species that lives on a half plane. We first derive a spatially nonlocal and temporally delayed differential equation that describes the mature population on a semi-infinite environment with a homogeneous Dirichlet condition. For the derived model, we are able to show that the solutions induce a k-set contraction semiflow with respect to the compact open topology on a bounded positive invariant set attracting every solution of the equation. To describe the global dynamics, we first establish a priori estimate for nontrivial solutions after exploring the delicate asymptotic properties of the nonlocal delayed effect, which enables us to show the repellency of the trivial equilibrium. Using the estimate, k-set contracting property as well as Schauder fixed point theorem, we then establish the existence of a positive spatially heterogeneous steady state. At last, we show global attractivity of the nontrivial steady state by employing dynamical system approaches.