Abstract
The reflectance of land and vegetation observed in satellite imagery depends on sun and viewing geometry. This bidirectional reflectance requires correction for monitoring changes in vegetation cover and condition. We used a digital camera mounted in a light aircraft, and fitted with a fisheye lens, to measure directional reflectance of a diverse range of landscapes along a long transect in Australia — between Brisbane and the Simpson desert. All, except one, of the measured directional reflectances were able to be characterised accurately (adjusted r2 > 0.95) by the product of two analytical functions. The first, G(θ1,θ2), which represents volume scattering, is a function of illumination and viewing zenith angles, θ1andθ2, and has one parameter k:
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