Abstract
In recent years, consumer-level virtual-reality (VR) devices and content have become widely available. Notably, establishing a sense of presence is a key objective of VR and an immersive interface with haptic feedback for VR applications has long been in development. Despite the state-of-the-art force feedback research being conducted, a study on directional feedback, based on force concentration, has not yet been reported. Therefore, we developed directional force feedback (DFF), a device that generates directional sensations for virtual-reality (VR) applications via mechanical force concentrations. DFF uses the rotation of motors to concentrate force and deliver directional sensations to the user. To achieve this, we developed a novel method of force concentration for directional sensation; by considering both rotational rebound and gravity, the optimum rotational motor speeds and rotation angles were identified. Additionally, we validated the impact of DFF in a virtual environment, showing that the users’ presence and immersion within VR were higher with DFF than without. The result of the user studies demonstrated that the device significantly improves immersivity of virtual applications.
Highlights
An immersive system is the ultimate version of the VR as it can be enhanced by audio, haptic, and sensory interfaces [1]
The shape of the 3D objects will be sufficient for immersive haptic rendering among various physical properties if the VR contents only use the display of the 3D object
Directional force feedback (DFF), that uses the rotations of motors to concentrate force and deliver directional sensations to the user
Summary
An immersive system is the ultimate version of the VR as it can be enhanced by audio, haptic, and sensory interfaces [1]. In this respect, establishing a sense of presence has been a key objective of VR [2]. Despite the importance of the effective multimodal interface for VR [11], immersive haptic feedback for VR applications has long been in development. Researchers have developed multiple approaches to providing haptic feedback from virtual environments, with the aim of generating more immersive experiences [13]. State-of-the-art literature on haptic devices introduced a plausible handheld controller for virtual environments [13], shape-changing device corresponding to 3D digital objects in VR [17], and even a suit that resists the
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