Abstract
An underwater acoustic helical antenna is constructed through the acoustic analog of the axial-mode helical antenna typically for electromagnetic application. The acoustic antenna consists of two elements: a cylindrical helix made of a brass rod and a PZT Langevin transducer driver. This paper derives the design factors for an optimum helix geometry. The acoustic helical antenna acts as an underwater endfire antenna over broad frequency ranges, but can be characterized by the large magnitude of its side lobes. Next, an equiangular spiral antenna is described that has reduced side lobes. The experimental results for the test helices are in relatively good agreement with the calculated results.
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