Abstract
A spherical antenna array (SAA) is the configuration of choice in obtaining an antenna array with isotropic characteristics. An SAA has the capacity to receive an electromagnetic wave (EM) with equal intensity irrespective of the direction-of-arrival (DoA) and polarization. Therefore, the DoA estimation of electromagnetic (EM) waves impinging on an SAA with unknown mutual coupling needs to be considered. In the spherical domain, the traditional multiple signal classification algorithm (SH-MUSIC) is faced with a computational complexity problem. This paper presents a one-dimensional MUSIC method (1D-MUSIC) for the estimation of the azimuth and elevation angles. An intermediate mapping matrix that exists between Fourier series and the spherical harmonic function is designed, and the Fourier series Vandermonde structure is used for the realization of the polynomial rooting technique. This mapping matrix can be computed prior to the DoA estimation, and it is only a function of the array configuration. Based on the mapping matrix, the 2-D angle search is transformed into two 1-D angle findings. Employing the features of the Fourier series, two root polynomials are designed for the estimation of the elevation and azimuth angles, spontaneously. The developed method avoids the 2-D spectral search, and angles are paired in automation. Both numerical simulation results, and results from experimental measured data (i.e., with mutual coupling effect incorporated), show the validity, potency, and potential practical application of the developed algorithm.
Highlights
IntroductionDirection-of-arrival (DoA) is a topic of interest in electromagnetic (EM)-related fields in both academia and industry
The major novelty of our work as compared with [20] is that we extended the 1D-MUSIC method to the antenna array as opposed to the microphone array, backed with experimental data in electromagnetics vis-à-vis a spherical antenna array, which is, in the end, the ground truth to test and evaluate any method
A 1D-MUSIC method for estimation of the DoA of EM waves impinging on the spherical antenna array (SAA) with unknown mutual coupling is presented in this paper
Summary
Direction-of-arrival (DoA) is a topic of interest in electromagnetic (EM)-related fields in both academia and industry. It finds application in mobile communication systems, vehicular technology, radar, sonar, and military surveillance [1,2]. Knowing the DoA of an incoming electromagnetic wave impinging on a receiving antenna is necessary to effectively localize the positions of the corresponding sources. This enhances the adaptive beamforming of the incoming pattern to boost the system sensitivity towards the wanted signal’s direction and to mitigate undesirable interferences. The antenna array provides maximum beam to the desired users and nulls in the interference directions to improve the mobile and base station’s performance. DoA estimation in antenna array processing becomes important
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