Abstract
We present an observation of directed collective breaking of hydrogen bonds from ice crystals when a force is applied on an ice disk. Most of the ice disks broke into 6 pieces at the point of contact with a 60° angle, indicating the directed collective breaking of the ice crystals. Since the formula of water, H2O, was discovered two centuries ago by Amedeo Avogadro, researchers have remained interested in the properties of water—one of the top questions driving life science in the 20th century. Some fundamental questions are still not fully answered, such as, “How many bonds does each H2O molecule make with its nearest neighbors?”, which was listed as one of the top 100 questions spanning the sciences in 2005.
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