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Abstract
Monodisperse unilamellar nanotubes (NTs) and nanoribbons (NRs) were transformed to multilamellar NRs and NTs in a well‐defined fashion. This was done by using a step‐wise approach in which self‐assembled cationic amino acid amphiphile (AAA) formed the initial NTs or NRs, and added polyanion produced an intermediate coating. Successive addition of cationic AAA formed a covering AAA layer, and by repeating this layer‐by‐layer (LBL) procedure, multi‐walled nanotubes (mwNTs) and nanoribbons were formed. This process was structurally investigated by combining small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM), confirming the multilamellar structure and the precise layer spacing. In this way the controlled formation of multi‐walled suprastructures was demonstrated in a simple and reproducible fashion, which allowed to control the charge on the surface of these 1D aggregates. This pathway to 1D colloidal materials is interesting for applications in life science and creating well‐defined building blocks in nanotechnology.
Highlights
Monodisperse unilamellar nanotubes (NTs) and nanoribbons (NRs) were transformed to multilamellar NRs and NTs in a well-defined fashion
Encountered building blocks are peptide amphiphiles,[4] where nanotube formation is driven by hydrophobic interactions, chirality and hydrogen-bonds, which lead to very well-defined cylindrical structures
In this work we describe the design of a layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in which consecutive addition of the amino acid amphiphile (AAA) to already prepared AAA NTs and NRs correspondingly increases the number of layers, allowing to control the wall thickness while retaining the monodisperse nature in terms of radial extension
Summary
Rcore is the nanotubes inner (core) radius, DR its wall thickness, and L its length. J1 is the cylindrical Bessel function of the first kind. The paracrystalline lamellae theory (PLT) was applied to account for some disorder and lattice defects such as stacking disorder caused by small variations D in the average layer separation d.[25a,b] The resulting multilamellar arrays are treated as purely one-dimensional systems along the lattice plane k.[25c,d] The theory has long been established with 1D systems and is applicable for our case.[24]. For further details on these models see Supporting Information 3.2 [Eq (3)]: Sm;PLT ðqÞ
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