Abstract
Introduction: Unmanned construction through direct visual operation is performed to ensure the safety of workers at construction sites. In direct visual operation, although the equipment is simple and easy to install, the work efficiency and accuracy are reduced because of the lack of view and perspective obtained from boarding a construction machine. For solving this problem, images sent from multiple cameras, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) attached to the construction equipment and the images obtained from boarding a construction machine, as well as blind spots are confirmed by displaying them on the monitor at hand. However, the working efficiency is lowered by the restrictions on the utilization range of the camera monitor, switching operation of the camera, and gaze movement between the construction machine and the monitor. Methods: For solving the problem of low work efficiency and accuracy of the conventional system, this paper proposes a support system for a direct visual operation that does not require monitor installation and gaze movement and enables intuitive camera switching operation by using a transmissive Head Mounted Display (HMD) and a stereo camera robot. Results and Conclusion: The results of the experiment conducted using a remote-controlled backhoe show that unskilled operators can perform the same quality of work as skilled operators, and work efficiency and accuracy was improved by 44.2% and 37.8%, respectively compared to the conventional system. This confirms the usefulness of the proposed system, especially for unskilled operators.
Highlights
Unmanned construction through direct visual operation is performed to ensure the safety of workers at construction sites
This study proposes a system capable of presenting stereoscopic images from a stereo camera installed in the cockpit of the construction machine and performing a direct visual operation using a see-through HeadMounted Display (HMD)
This study proposed a support system for direct visual operation in unmanned construction using a see-through HMD
Summary
Unmanned construction through direct visual operation is performed to ensure the safety of workers at construction sites. The equipment is simple and easy to install, the work efficiency and accuracy are reduced because of the lack of view and perspective obtained from boarding a construction machine. A detachable unmanned vehicle camera system (OpeCam XIII – Operator Support Camera System XIII), which includes a video system, has been developed, where blind spots can be eliminated by the camera image [8, 9] This required the installation of a camera monitor limiting the range of use, movement of the line-of-sight between the monitor and construction equipment, and switching operation of the camera, thereby reducing the work efficiency. The lack of a sense of depth in the 2D video reduced work accuracy [7]
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