Abstract
Amides are undeniably some of the most important compounds in Nature and the chemical industry, being present in biomolecules, materials, pharmaceuticals and many other substances. Unfortunately, the traditional synthesis of amides suffers from some important drawbacks, principally the use of stoichiometric activators or the need to use highly reactive carboxylic acid derivatives. In recent years, the transamidation reaction has emerged as a valuable alternative to prepare amides. The reactivity of amides makes their direct reaction with nitrogen nucleophiles difficult; thus, the direct transamidation reaction needs a catalyst in order to activate the amide moiety and to promote the completion of the reaction because equilibrium is established. In this review, we present research on direct transamidation reactions ranging from studies of the mechanism to the recent developments of more applicable and versatile methodologies, emphasizing those reactions involving activation with metal catalysts.
Highlights
The amide functionality has been recognized as one of the most important functional groups, because of its widespread presence in Nature [1] and because of the vast number of synthetic structures bearing this group [2]
Chemists noticed the and the aluminum chloride a promoter, the method was limited to the use of importance aliphatic amines since potential of the direct transamidation reaction andChemists developed somethe useful and general methods low yields were obtained with aromatic amides
We described the transamidation of secondary amides where the liberated amine is not abe gas or a a volatile liquid and showed that Fe(III)/water is a suitable catalyst in those cases
Summary
The amide functionality has been recognized as one of the most important functional groups, because of its widespread presence in Nature (in proteins, peptides, and alkaloids, among others) [1] and because of the vast number of synthetic structures bearing this group [2]. Limited to work the use of based aliphatic amines was published by Bertrand andmethod coworkers Their was on the use of since low yields were as obtained withand aromatic amides. Chemists noticed the and the aluminum chloride a promoter, the method was limited to the use of importance aliphatic amines since potential of the direct transamidation reaction andChemists developed somethe useful and general methods low yields were obtained with aromatic amides. Metallic, acidic of the direct transamidation reaction andtypes developed someToday, useful heterogeneous, and general methods performed and basicthe catalysts are of available to types perform transamidation. In this metallic, review article, under influence different of catalysts. In the following weaswill present a set of selected examples of direct transamidation reactions catalyzed by metals as well as some alternative catalysts
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
