Abstract
A direct synthesis of varistor-grade doped ZnO powder was attempted by simple hydrolysis followed by low-temperature refluxing (80 °C) in aqueous and alcoholic media. Rod like, one-dimensional nanocrystalline doped ZnO powders with crystallite size 24 nm and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) bulk surface area 22 m 2 g −1 were synthesized. Sintering characteristics of these powders were analyzed under step-sintering coupled with rapid heating up to 1050 °C. The microstructural features and I– V characteristics of the step-sintered doped ZnO were compared with composite varistors. The study shows the advantage of the addition of nanosize doped varistor-grade ZnO as well as step-sintering for controlling grain size and improving varistor performance.
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