Direct synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene on platinum wire as a new fiber coating method for the solid-phase microextraction of BXes in water samples: Comparison of headspace and cold-fiber headspace modes

Abstract

In this work, a new solid-phase microextraction fiber was prepared based on nitrogen-doped graphene (N-doped G). Moreover, a new strategy was proposed to solve problems dealt in direct coating of N-doped G. For this purpose, first, Graphene oxide (GO) was coated on Pt wire by electrophoretic deposition method. Then, chemical reduction of coated GO to N-doped G was accomplished by hydrazine and NH3. The prepared fiber showed good mechanical and thermal stabilities. The obtained fiber was used in two different modes (conventional headspace solid-phase microextraction and cold-fiber headspace solid-phase microextraction (CF-HS-SPME)). Both modes were optimized and applied for the extraction of benzene and xylenes from different aqueous samples. All effective parameters including extraction time, salt content, stirring rate, and desorption time were optimized. The optimized CF-HS-SPME combined with GC-FID showed good limit of detections (LODs) (0.3–2.3 μg/L), limit of quantifications (LOQs) (1.0–7.0 μg/L) and linear ranges (1.0–5000 μg/L). The developed method was applied for the analysis of benzene and xylenes in rainwater and some wastewater samples.