Abstract
Palladium-containing insoluble heteropolyacid (HPA) catalysts (Pd0.15M2.5H0.2PW12O40) were prepared by an ion-exchange method using various alkaline metal ions (M = K+, Rb+, and Cs+) (denoted as Pd-KPW, Pd-RbPW, and Pd-CsPW). They were then applied to the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen. Conversion of hydrogen over the catalysts was almost identical with no great difference, while selectivity for hydrogen peroxide increased in the order of Pd-KPW < Pd-RbPW < Pd-CsPW. As a consequence, yield for hydrogen peroxide increased in the order of Pd-KPW < Pd-RbPW < Pd-CsPW. It was found that yield for hydrogen peroxide increased with increasing Pd 3d5/2 binding energy of the catalyst. Among the catalysts tested, Pd-CsPW catalyst with the highest Pd 3d5/2 binding energy showed the highest yield for hydrogen peroxide.
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