Abstract
Objective: Direct and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the quantitative determination of some anti-hypertensive drugs such as atenolol (ATN) and timolol (TIM) in pure forms as well as in their dosage forms.Methods: The proposed method is based on the redox reaction between the selected drugs and KMnO4 in alkaline medium. The method involves treating the aqueous solution of the selected drugs with KMnO4 in alkaline medium and measuring the bluish-green product at 610 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized.Results: The fixed-time method is adopted for constructing the calibration curves, which were found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 2.0–14 mg/ml and 2.0–28 mg/ml for ATN and TIM, respectively. The determination of the studied drugs by initial rate, variable time and rate constant method was workable with the calibration equations obtained but the fixed time method has been found to be more applicable.Conclusion: The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of the selected drugs in both pure and in commercial dosage forms and has met the validation requirements.
Highlights
Pharmaceutical grade atenolol and timolol maleate were received from Egyptian Pharmaceutical Industries (EIPICO), 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt; which were reported to be 99.8% purity, as a gift and were used as received
The absorbance of the colored solution increase with time and a kinetically-based spectrophotometric method was elaborated for their assay in pharmaceutical formulations
The stoichiometric ratio between each drug and potassium permanganate was found to be 1: 1. Analytical parameters Under the experimental conditions described, standard calibration curves for ATN and TIM were constructed by plotting absorbance versus concentration
Summary
The proposed method is based on the redox reaction between the selected drugs and KMnO4 in alkaline medium. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized
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