Direct solution for fixed source location using well-posed TDOA and FDOA measurements

Abstract

Based on the time differences of arrival (TDOA) and frequency differences of arrival (FDOA) measurements of the given planar stationary radiation source, the joint TDOA/FDOA location algorithm which solves the location of the target directly is proposed. Compared with weighted least squares (WLS) methods, the proposed algorithm is also suitable for well-posed conditions, and gets rid of the dependence on the constraints of Earth's surface. First of all, the solution formulas are expressed by the radial range. Then substitute it into the equation of the radial range to figure out the radial range between the target and the reference station. Finally use the solution expression of the target location to estimate the location of the target accurately. The proposed algorithm solves the problem that WLS methods have a large positioning error when the number of observation stations is not over-determined. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, including effectively increasing the positioning accuracy and reducing the number of observatories.