Direct quantification of fatty acids in dairy powders with special emphasis on trans fatty acid content

Abstract

In this study a validated procedure for accurate determination of fatty acids in dairy products, with special emphasis on total trans fatty acids (TFA) content is presented. Dairy fat naturally contains 4–6% of trans fatty acids, mainly trans-octadecenoic acids (i.e. vaccenic acid), and 0.3–1.5% of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). The proposed procedure does not require lipid extraction, and transesterification of lipids could be carried out directly on dairy products. Optimal analytical conditions have been developed to allow accurate determination of TFA content without prior fractionation of cis/ trans FAME isomers by thin-layer chromatography. The methodology requires the use of a highly polar open tubular capillary column having at least 100 m length. CLA and other fatty acids from C4:0 (butyric) acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) could also be analyzed. Therefore, the methodology presented is versatile and could be used for both targeted analysis (e.g. determination of TFA in dairy products) and determination of the broad fatty acid profile in dairy products.