Direct oxidation of benzene to phenol catalyzed by a vanadium-substituted heteropolymolybdic acid catalyst

Abstract

The direct synthesis of phenol by hydroxylation of benzene with hydrogen peroxide over a vanadium substituted heteropolymolybdic acid catalyst was investigated at 70 ?C. Hydrogen peroxide was used as the oxidant while 36 wt.% acetic acid was employed as the solvent. After 100 minutes, the selectivity for phenol was 93% and the yield of phenol was 10.1 %. The catalyst was characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and 31P-NMR and 51V-NMR techniques. The experimental conditions, such as reaction temperature, the amount of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst, were investigated. The as-prepared phenol could be separated by column chromatography and was characterized by infrared and mass spectrometry.