Abstract
We report on the direct experimental observation of pulse-splitting dynamics along a femtosecond filament. The fundamental pulse experiences a significant self-shortening during the propagation leading to pulse durations of 5.3 fs, corresponding to sub-3 cycles, which is measured without external pulse compression. A compression factor of eight could be achieved in a single filamentary stage. Theoretical modeling of the fundamental pulse propagation confirms our observed pulse structures and durations and gives further insight into the nonlinear dynamics during filamentation.
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